Also, bromine (Br) is the 5 th element over in the p-block so it has 5 electrons in a 4p orbital. For example, nickel (Ni) is the 8 th element over from the beginning of the d-block and it has 8 electrons in the outermost 3d orbital. The final orbital of the electron configuration will always have the same number of electrons as the element’s distance from the beginning of the block it is in.
The f-block is 14 elements wide because f-orbitals come in a set of seven. The p-block is six columns wide because a set of three p-orbitals holds up to six electrons. The d-block is ten columns wide because a set of five d-orbitals holds up to ten electrons. Since only two electrons fit, the s-block is two columns wide. The s-block is two columns wide because s-orbitals make up a sub-shell with only one orbital, which holds two electrons. This is because they all have electron configurations ending with an f-orbital. Finally, the elements in the section usually printed below the rest of the table make up what is called the f-block. The elements in groups 13 through 18 have electron configurations that end with a p-orbital so those elements are referred to as the p-block. These groups make up the d-block of the periodic table. For all the elements in groups 3 through 12 the electron configurations end with a d-orbital. For this reason, the first two columns in the periodic table are called the s-block. A similar result is found for the alkaline earth metals in group 2 (Be, Mg, Ca, etc.) Each of those elements has an electron configuration ending in s 2. For example, in group 1 (the alkali metals) the electron configurations are:Įach of these elements has an electron configuration that ends with an s-orbital containing one electron: 2s 1, 3s 1, 4s 1, etc. Within a group we found that the electron configurations always ended with the same type of orbital with the same number of electrons.
In this activity we practiced writing the ground state electron configuration for elements in the same column, or group, in the periodic table. Your changes list should be typed and handed in to earn credit for this assignment. If you notice something that this summary leaves out then please bring it to the attention of your teacher. For homework use your comparison to write down all changes you would need to make to your summary to make it accurate and complete. Compare this summary to the one your teacher asked you to write. The following paragraphs are meant to summarize the activity you did in class.
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